Source from Kelvin A. Power’s Facebook on August 11, 2019
အရေးပေါ်အခြေအနေသတိပေးခြင်း။
အလွန်ကြောက်စရာကောင်းသောအသက်အန္တရာယ်ရှိသည့်တုတ်ကွေးအမျိုးအစား(A type)(Flu strains) (H1N1,H3N2နှင့်H5N1),သုံးမျိုးစလုံးမြန်မာပြည်မှာတွေ့နေရပါပြီ။အဲဒီသုံးမျိုးပေါင်းသွားရင်(genetic mutation)တွေဖြစ်ပြီးအသစ်တစ်မျိုး၊ဒါမှမဟုတ်နှစ်မျိုး၊သုံးမျိုးလောက်ဖြစ်လာနိုင်ပါတယ်။အဲဒီဖြစ်လာမယ့်အလွန်ကူးစက်ပြန့်ပွားလွယ်တဲ့တုတ်ကွေးအတွက်၊ကာကွယ်ဆေးကမ္ဘာပေါ်မှာမရှိသေးမပေါ်သေးပါ။ကုသသည့်ဆေးလဲမရှိသေးမပေါ်သေးပါ။ဒီတုတ်ကွေးတွေဟာအလွန်အသက်အန္တရာယ်ကြီးမားပါသည်။ဒီတုတ်ကွေးပိုးတွေကြောင့်အဆုတ်ယောင်(lung inflammation)ဖြစ်လာနိုင်ပြီး၊(pneumonia)အဆုတ်ယောင်ရောဂါရလာကာအဆုတ်ယောင်ရောဂါကြောင့်အသက်ဆုံးရံှုးနိုင်ပါသည်။မြန်မာပြည်ကြီးလဲကပ်ဆိုက်နေသလားလို့ထင်ရလောက်အောင်သဘာဝဘေးအန္တရာယ်ဆိုးများကြုံနေရပါသည်။ယခုတဖန်ကူးစက်ရောဂါဆိုးများဝင်လာလျှင်တော့မလွယ်လှပါ။တခြားနိုင်ငံများကဲ့သို့မိမိတို့၏အစိုးရကိုထိုင်ပြီးအားကိုးနေလျှင်မိမိသာဒုက္ခရောက်ပါမည်။ဒီအချိန်မှာအစိုးရအနေနှင့်လဲဘာမှလုပ်ပေးနိုင်လိမ့်မည်မထင်ပါ။
——-
အသက်ရှုလမ်းကြောင်းမှကူးစက်ခြင်းဖြစ်သဖြင့်အပြင်သွားသူတိုင်းမျက်နာတွင်(Mask)များအုပ်ထားကြရန်အရေးတကြီးလိုအပ်နေသလို။မိမိ၏ခုခံအားစနစ်အားကောင်းနေစေရန်ပြင်ဆင်ထားဖို့လဲလိုအပ်နေပါသည်။ကာကွယ်ဆေးထိုးထားလဲကာကွယ်မည်မဟုတ်ပါ။ကုသရမည့်ဆေးလဲမရှိသေးပါ။ဖြစ်လာမှတော့ဘာမှလုပ်မပေးနိုင်ပါ။အကောင်းဆုံးကြိုတင်ကာကွယ်နည်းမှာ
———
တုတ်ကွေးမိမိပါတ်ဝန်းကျင်သို့မလာမီကြိုတင်၍
(1)Vitamin D3,5000 IU နေ့စဉ်သောက်ပေးပါ။
(2) Bioflavonoids 100mg နေ့စဉ်သောက်ပေးပါ။
(3) Zinc, 10mg နေ့စဉ်သောက်ပေးပါ။
(4) Rose Hips (fruit Extract) 10mg နေ့စဉ်သောက်ပေးပါ။
(5) Ascorbic acid (Vit C ) 2000 mg နေ့စဉ်သောက်ပေးပါ။
(6)Omega-3, Fish oil=2000mg နေ့စဉ်သောက်ပေးပါ။
————
ကလေးတွေအတွက် DOSE ကလူကြီးရဲ့တဝက်ပါ။
———
အကယ်၍တုတ်ကွေးကမိမိပါတ်ဝန်းကျင်သို့ရောက်လာပြီဆိုပါက
(1)Vitamin D3,10000 IU တိုး၍သောက်ပေးရပါမည်။
(2) Bioflavonoids 150mg တိုး၍သောက်ပေးရပါမည်။
(3) Zinc, 15mg တိုး၍သောက်ပေးရပါမည်။
(4) Rose Hips (fruit Extract) 15mg တိုး၍သောက်ပေးရပါမည်။
(5) Ascorbic acid (Vit C ) 3000 mg တိုး၍သောက်ပေးရပါမည်။ ။
(6)Omega-3, Fish oil=3000mg တိုး၍သောက်ပေးရပါမည်။
Omega-3, Fish oil သည်မာကြူရီသန့်စင်ထားပြီးသားငါးကြီးဆီဖြစ်ဖို့လိုအပ်ပါတယ်။
မာကြူရီသန့်စင်မထားလျှင်အန္တရာယ်ရှိပါသည်။
———-
အစိုးရအားထိုင်အားကိုးမနေပါနှင့်မိမိဘာသာဂရုစိုက်ပြီးကာကွယ်ထားကြပါ။မိမိ၏ခုခံအားစနစ်ကိုအားဖြည့်ထားမှသာလျှင်အရေးကြုံလာပါကမိမိ၏အသက်ကိုကယ်တင်နိုင်မည်ဖြစ်ပါသည်။
——
ကျွန်တော်ပြောတဲ့အတိုင်းလုပ်ထားလျင်မည့်သည့်(flu)အမျိုးအစားမှခင်ဗျားတို့ကိုမဝင်ရောက်နိုင်တော့ပါ။မယုံမရှိပါနဲ့။မယုံရင်အောက်မှာ(References)ပေါင်း(၈၄)ခုတောင်ပေးထားပါတယ်။အင်္ဂလိပ်လိုဖတ်ချင်ရင်ကိုယ်တိုင်[Google Scholar]မှာရှာဖတ်လို့ရပါတယ်။
လုံးဝမပေါ့ဆကြပါနှင့်။အားလုံးဘေးရန်ကင်းရှင်းကြပါစေ။
———–
Kelvin Albert Power
(Nutrition Specialist, Florida, USA)
————–References————-
1. Gruber B.M. The Phenomenon of Vitamin D. [(accessed on 23 January 2015)];Eur. PMC. 2015 69:127–139. Available online: http://www.phmd.pl/fulltxt.php?ICID=1137498. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
2. Jones G. Vitamin D safety: Its mechanisms and application. Stand. Med. Pediatr. 2012;9:605–609. [Google Scholar]
3. Kim D. The role of vitamin D in thyroid diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017:18. doi: 10.3390/ijms18091949. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
4. Beard J.A., Bearden A., Striker R. Vitamin D and the anti-viral state. J. Clin. Virol. 2011;50:194–200. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.12.006. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
5. Kienreich K., Grübler M., Tomaschitz A., Schmid J., Verheyen N., Rutters F., Dekker J.M., Pilz S. Vitamin D, arterial hypertension & cerebrovascular disease. [(accessed on 23 September 2013)];Indian J. Med. Res. 2013 137:669–679. Available online: http://www.ijmr.org.in. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
6. Bikle D.D. Extraskeletal actions of vitamin D. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2016;1376:29–51. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13219. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
7. Greiller C.L., Martineau A.R. Modulation of the immune response to respiratory viruses by vitamin D. Nutrients. 2015;7:4240–4270. doi: 10.3390/nu7064240. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
8. Odroważ-Sypniewska G., Karczmarewicz E., Paprotny Ł., Płudowski P. 3-epi-25(OH)D—A new metabolite, potential biological function, interference in laboratory assays. Stand. Med. Pediatr. 2012;9:680–686. [Google Scholar]
9. McCullough P., Amend J. Results of daily oral dosing with up to 60,000 international units (iu) of vitamin D3 for 2 to 6 years in 3 adult males. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2017;173:308–312. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.12.009. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
10. Christakos S., Hewison M., Gardner D.G., Wagner C.L., Sergeev I.N., Rutten E., Pittas A.G., Boland R., Ferrucci L., Bikle D.D. Vitamin D: Beyond bone. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2013;1287:45–58. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12129. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
11. Moukayed M., Grant W.B. Molecular link between vitamin D and cancer prevention. Nutrients. 2013;5:3993–4021. doi: 10.3390/nu5103993. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
12. Lorenc R.S., Karczmarewicz E., Kryśkiewicz E., Płudowski P. Vitamin D provision and supplementation standards. Stand. Med. Pediatr. 2012;9:595–604. [Google Scholar]
13. Abdelsalam A., Rashed L., Salman T., Hammad L., Sabry D. Molecular assessment of vitamin D receptor polymorphism as a valid predictor to the response of interferon/Ribavirin based therapy in Egyptian patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. J. Dig. Dis. 2016;17:547–553. doi: 10.1111/1751-2980.12353. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
14. Lange C.M., Bojunga J., Ramos-Lopez E., von Wagner M., Hassler A., Vermehren J., Herrmann E., Badenhoop K., Zeuzem S., Sarrazin C. Vitamin D deficiency and a CYP27B1-1260 promoter polymorphism are associated with chronic hepatitis C and poor response to interferon-alfa based therapy. J. Hepatol. 2011;54:887–893. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.08.036. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
15. Xue L.N., Xu K.Q., Zhang W., Wang Q., Wu J., Wang X.Y. Associations between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease: A meta-analysis. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 2013;19:54–60. doi: 10.1002/ibd.22966. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
16. Misiorowski W. Vitamin D in type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Stand. Med. Pediatr. 2012;9:639–644. [Google Scholar]
17. Holick C.N., Stanford J.L., Kwon E.M., Ostrander E.A., Nejentsev S., Peters U. Comprehensive association analysis of the vitamin D pathway genes, VDR, CYP28B1, and CYP24A1, in prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 2007;16:1990–1999. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0487. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
18. Areeshi M.Y., Mandal R.K., Akhter N., Panda A.K., Haque S. Evaluating the association between TaqI variant of vitamin D receptor gene and susceptibility to tuberculosis: A meta-analysis. Toxicol. Int. 2014;21:140–147. doi: 10.4103/0971-6580.139791. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
19. Pittas A.G., Laskowski U., Kos L., Saltzman E. The role of vitamin D In adults requiring nutrition therapy. J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 2010;34:70–78. doi: 10.1177/0148607109349061. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
20. Bischoff-Ferrari H.A., Shao A., Dawson-Hughes B., Hathcock J., Giovanucci E., Willet W.C. Benefit-risk assessment of vitamin D supplementation. Osteoporos. Int. 2010;21:1121–1132. doi: 10.1007/s00198-009-1119-3. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
21. Heaney R.P. Vitamin D in health and disease. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2008;3:1535–1541. doi: 10.2215/CJN.01160308. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
22. Dougherty K.A., Schall J.J., Zemel B.S., Tuluc F., Hou X., Ritstein R.M., Stallings V.A. Safety and efficacy of high-dose daily vitamin D3 supplementation in children and young adult infected with human immunodeficiency virus. J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Soc. 2014;3:294–303. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piu012. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
23. Cashman K.D., Ritz C., Kely M. ODIN Collaborators. Improved dietary guidelines for vitamin D: Application of individual participant data (IPD)-level meta-regression analyses. Nutrients. 2017;9:469. doi: 10.3390/nu9050469. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
24. Cannell J.J., Vieth R., Umhau J.C., Holick M.F., Grant W.B., Madronich S., Garland C.F., Giovannucci E. Epidemic influenza and vitamin D. Epidemiol. Infect. 2006;134:1129–1140. doi: 10.1017/S0950268806007175. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
25. Sundaram M.E., Coleman L.A. Vitamin D and influenza. Adv. Nutr. 2012;3:517–525. doi: 10.3945/an.112.002162. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
26. Szymczak I., Pawliczak R. The active metabolite of vitamin D3 as a potential immunomodulator. Scand. J. Immunol. 2015;83:83–91. doi: 10.1111/sji.12403. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
27. Jakóbisiak M. Immunologia. 2nd ed. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN; Warsaw, Poland: 1995. Główne komponenty i zasadnicze cechy odpowiedzi immunologicznej; pp. 28–36. [Google Scholar]
28. Bruce D., Ooi J.H., Yu S., Cantorna M.T. Vitamin D and host resistance to infection? Putting the cart in front of the horse. Exp. Biol. Med. 2010;235:921–927. doi: 10.1258/ebm.2010.010061. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
29. Chun R.F., Liu P.T., Modlin R.L., Adams J.S., Hewison M. Impact of vitamin D on immune function: Lessons learned from genome-wide analysis. Front. Physiol. 2014;5:1–15. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00151. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
30. Fitch N., Becker A.B., HayGlass K.T. Vitamin D[1,25[OH]2D3] differentially regulates human innate cytokine responses to bacterial versus viral pattern recognition receptor stimuli. J. Immunol. 2016;196:2965–2972. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500460. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
31. Jasińska J. The role of receptor CD40-ligand CD40 (cd40/D40L) system in inflammatory processes. Alergia. 2015;4:39–42. [Google Scholar]
32. Jeffery L.E., Wood A.M., Qureshi O.S., Hou T.Z., Gardner D., Briggs Z., Kaur S., Raza K., Sansom D.M. Availability of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) to APCs controls the balance between regulatory and inflammatory T cell responses. J. Immunol. 2012;189:5155–5164. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200786. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
33. Sigmundsdottir H., Pan J., Debes G.F., Alt C., Habtezion A., Soler D., Butcher E.C. DCs metabolize sunlight-induced vitamin D3 to ‘program’ T cell attraction to the epidermal chemokine CCL27. Nat. Immunol. 2007;8:285–293. doi: 10.1038/ni1433. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
34. Amital H., Shoenfeld Y. Disease associations of vitamin D in autoimmune disorders-prevention and therapy. Stand. Med. Pediatr. 2012;9:620–622. [Google Scholar]
35. Tang J., Zhou R., Luger D., Zhu W., Silver P.B., Grajewski R.S., Su S.B., Chan C.C., Adorini L., Caspi R.R. Calcitriol suppresses antirenal autoimmunity through inhibitory effects on the Th17 effector response. J. Immunol. 2009;182:4624–4632. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0801543. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
36. Ehrchen J., Helming L., Varga G., Pasche B., Loser K., Gunzer M., Sunderkötter C., Sorg C., Roth J., Lengeling A. Vitamin D receptor signaling contributes to susceptibility to infection with Leishmania major. FASEB J. 2007;21:3208–3218. doi: 10.1096/fj.06-7261com. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
37. Rajapakse R., Mousli M., Pfaff A.W., Uring-Lambert B., Marcellin L., Bronner C., Jeanblanc M., Villard O., Letscher-Bru V., Klein J.P., et al. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces splenocyte apoptosis and enhances BALB/c mice sensitivity to toxoplasmosis. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2005;96:179–185. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2005.03.002. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
38. Ryz N.R., Patterson S.J., Zhang Y., Ma C., Huang T., Bhinder G., Wu X., Chan J., Glesby J., Sham H.P., et al. Active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) increases host susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium by suppressing mucosal Th17 responses. Am. J. Ohysiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2012;303:G1299–G1311. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00320.2012. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
39. Fang Y., Banner D., Kelvin A.A., Huang S.S., Paige C.J., Corfe S.A., Kane K.P., Bleackley R.C., Rowe T., Leon A.J., et al. Seasonal H1N1 influenza virus infection induces cross-protective pandemic H1N1 virus immunity through a CD8-independent, B cell dependent mechanism. J. Virol. 2012;86:2229–2238. doi: 10.1128/JVI.05540-11. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
40. Shiozawa K., Shiozawa S., Shimizu S., Fujita T. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits pokeweed mitogen-stimulated human B-cell activation: An analysis using serum-free culture conditions. Immunology. 1985;56:161–167. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
41. Shirakawa A.-K., Nagakubo D., Hieshima K., Nakayama T., Jin Z., Yoshie O. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Induces CCR10 Expression in Terminally Differentiating Human B Cells. J. Immunol. 2008;180:2786–2795. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.2786. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
42. Heine G., Niesner U., Chang H.D., Steinmeyer A., Zügel U., Zuberbier T., Radbruch A., Worm M. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3promotes IL-10 production in human B cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 2008;38:2210–2218. doi: 10.1002/eji.200838216. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
43. Penna G., Amuchastegui S., Cossetti C., Aquilano F., Mariani R., Sanvito F., Doglioni C., Adorini L. Treatment of experimental autoimmune prostatitis in nonobese diabetic mice by the vitamin D receptor agonist elocalcitol. J. Immunol. 2006;177:8504–8511. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.12.8504. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
44. Langrish L.L., Chen Y., Blumenschein W.M., Mattson J., Basham B., Sedgwick J.D., McClanahan T., Kastelein R.A., Cua D.J. IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation. J. Exp. Med. 2005;201:233–240. doi: 10.1084/jem.20041257. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
45. Friis H., Range N., Pedersen M.L., Mølgaard C., Changalucha J., Krarup H., Magnussen P., Søborg C., Andersen A.B. Hypovitaminosis D is common among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Tanzania but is not explained by the acute phase response. J. Nutr. 2008;138:2474–2480. doi: 10.3945/jn.108.094979. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
46. Tse A.K., Wan C.K., Shen X.L., Zhu G.Y., Cheung H.Y., Yang M., Fong W.F. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces biphasic NF-kappaB responses during HL-60 leukemia cells differentiation through protein induction and PI3K/Akt-dependent phosphorylation/degradation of IκB. Exp. Cell Res. 2007;313:1722–1734. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.02.022. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
47. Hope-Simpson R. The role of season in the epidemiology of influenza. Epidemiol. Infect. 1981;86:35–47. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
48. Grant W.B., Giovannucci E. The possible roles of solar ultraviolet-B radiation and vitamin D in reducing case-fatality rates from the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic in the United States. Dermato-Endocrinol. 2009;1:215–219. doi: 10.4161/derm.1.4.9063. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
49. Lang P.O., Samaras D. Aging adults and seasonal influenza: Does the vitamin D status (H)arm the body? J. Aging Res. 2011;2012 doi: 10.1155/2012/806198. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
50. Khare D., Godbole N.M., Pawar S.D., Mohan V., Pandey G., Gupta S., Kumar D., Dhole T.N., Godbole M.M. Calcitriol [1,25[OH]2D3] pre-and post-treatment suppresses inflammatory response to influenza A (H1N1) infection in human lung A549 epithelial cells. Eur. J. Nutr. 2013;52:1405–1415. doi: 10.1007/s00394-012-0449-7. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
51. Helming L., Böse J., Ehrchen J., Schiebe S., Frahm T., Geffers R., Probst-Kepper M., Balling R., Lengeling A. 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a potent suppressor of interferon γ-mediated macrophage activation. Blood. 2005;106:4351–4358. doi: 10.1182/blood-2005-03-1029. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
52. Moan J., Dahlback A., Ma L.W., Juzeniene A. Influenza, solar radiation and vitamin D. Dermato-Endocrinol. 2009;1:307–309. doi: 10.4161/derm.1.6.11357. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
53. Laaksi I., Ruohola J.-P., Mattila V., Auvinen A., Ylikomi T., Pihlajamäki H. Vitamin D supplementation for the prevention of acute respiratory tract infection: A randomized, double-blinded trial among young Finnish men. J. Infect. Dis. 2010;202:809–814. doi: 10.1086/654881. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
54. Urashima M., Segawa T., Okazaki M., Kurihara M., Wada Y., Ida H. Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prezent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2010;91:1255–1260. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.29094. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
55. Jorde R., Witham M., Janssens W., Rolighed L., Borchhardt K., De Boer I.H., Grimnes G., Hutchinson M.S. Vitamin D supplementation did not prevent influenza-like illness as diagnosed retrospectively by questionnaires in subjects participating in randomized clinical trials. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 2012;44:126–132. doi: 10.3109/00365548.2011.621446. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
56. Berry D.J., Hesketh K., Power C., Hyppönen E. Vitamin D status has a linear association with seasonal infections and lung function in British adults. Br. J. Nutr. 2011;106:1433–1440. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511001991. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
57. Aregbesola A., Voutilainen S., Nurmi T., Virtanen J.K., Ronkainen K., Tuomainen T.P. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and the risk of pneumonia in an ageing general population. J. Epidemiol. Community Health. 2013;67:533–536. doi: 10.1136/jech-2012-202027. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
58. Jones B.G., Oshansky C.M., Bajracharya R., Tang L., Sun Y., Wong S.S., Webby R., Thomas P.G., Hurwitz J.L. Retinol binding protein and vitamin D associations with serum antibody isotypes, serum influenza virus-specific neutralizing activities and airway cytokine profiles. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2015;183:239–247. doi: 10.1111/cei.12718. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
59. Mamani M., Muceli N., Ghasemi Basir H.R., Vashegbani M., Poorolajal J. Association between serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and community-acquired pneumonia: A case-control study. Int. J. Gen. Med. 2017;13:423–429. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S149049. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
60. Brance M.L., Miljevic J.N., Tizziani R., Taberna M.E., Grossi G.P., Toni P., Valentini E., Trepat A., Zaccardi J., Moro J., et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Clin. Respir. J. 2018;12:2220–2227. doi: 10.1111/crj.12792. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
61. Nanri A., Nakamoto K., Sakamoto N., Imai T., Akter S., Nonaka D., Mizoue T. Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with influenza in case-control study nested in a cohort of Japanese employees. Clin. Nutr. 2017;36:1288–1293. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.08.016. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
62. Gui B., Chen Q., Hu C., Zhu C., He G. Effects of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3) on the inflammatory response induced by H9N2 influenza virus infection in human lung A549 epithelial cells and in mice. Virol. J. 2017;14:10–20. doi: 10.1186/s12985-017-0683-y. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
63. Urashima M., Mezawa H., Noya M., Camargo C.A. Jr. Effects of witamin D supplements on influenza A illness during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial. Food Funct. 2014;5:2365–2370. doi: 10.1039/C4FO00371C. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
64. Li-Ng M., Aloia J.F., Pollack S., Cunha B.A., Mikhail M., Yeh J., Berbari N. A randomized controlled. trial of vitamin D3 supplementation for the prevention of symptomatic upper respiratory tract infections. Epidemiol. Infect. 2009;137:1396–1404. doi: 10.1017/S0950268809002404. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
65. Aloia J.F., Li-Ng M. Re: Epidemic influenza and vitamin D. Epidemiol. Infect. 2007;137 doi: 10.1017/S0950268809002404. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
66. Lappe J., Watson P., Travers-Gustafson D., Recker R., Garland C., Gorham E., Baggerly K., McDonnell S.L. Effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on cancer incidence in older women: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw. 2017;317:1234–1243. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.2115. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
67. Martineau R., Jolliffe D.A., Hooper R.L., Greenberg L., Aloi J.F., Bergman P., Dubnov-Raz G., Esposito S., Ganmaa D., Ginde A.A., et al. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent cute respiratory tract infections: Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ. 2017;356 doi: 10.1136/bmj.i6583. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
68. Grant W.B., Boucher B.J., Bhattoa H.P., Lahore H. Why vitamin D clinical trials should be based on 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2018;177:266–269. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.08.009. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
69. Shaman J., Jeon C.Y., Giovannucci E., Lipsitch M. Shortcomings of vitamin D-based model simulations of seasonal influenza. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e20743. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020743. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
70. Shaman J., Pitzer V.E., Viboud C., Grenfell B.T., Lipsitch M. Absolute humidity and the seasonal onset of influenza in the continental United States. PLoS Biol. 2010;8:e1000316. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000316. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
71. Koep T.H., Enders F.T., Pierret C., Ekker S.C., Krageschmidt D., Neff K.L., Lipsitch M., Shaman J., Huskins W.C. Predictors of indoor absolute humidity and estimated effects on influenza virus survival in grade schools. BMC Infect. Dis. 2013;13 doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-71. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
72. Yang W., Cummings M.J., Bakamutumaho B., Kayiwa J., Owor N., Namagambo B., Byaruhanga T., Lutwama J., O’Donnell M.R., Shaman J. Dynamics of influenza in tropical Africa: Temperature, humidity, and co-circulating (sub)types. Influenza Other Respir. Viruses. 2018;12:446–456. doi: 10.1111/irv.12556. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
73. Kroll M.H., Bi C., Garber C.C., Kaufman H.W., Liu D., Caston-Balderrama A., Zhang K., Clarke N., Xie M., Reitz R.E., et al. Temporal relationship betwen vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone in the United States. PLoS ONE. 2015 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118108. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
74. Lee R.U., Won S.H., Hansen C., Crum-Cianflone N.F. 25-hydroxyvitamin D, influenza vaccine response and healthcare encounters among a young adult population. PLoS ONE. 2018;13:e0192479. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192479. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
75. Sadarangani S.P., Ovsyannikova I.G., Goergen K., Grill D.E., Poland G.A. Vitamin D, leptin and impact on immune response to seasonal influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in older persons. Hum. Vaccines Immunother. 2016;12:691–698. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1097015. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
76. Galant K., Barg E., Kazanowska B. Vitamin D and metabolic, autoimmunologic and neoplasm diseases. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Diabetes Metab. 2016;24:31–37. doi: 10.18544/PEDM-22.01.0048. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
77. Principi N., Marchisio P., Terranova L., Zampiero A., Baggi E., Daleno C., Tirelli S., Pelucchi C., Esposito S. Impact of vitamin D administration on immunogenicity of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in previously unvaccinated children. Hum. Vaccines Immunother. 2013;9:969–974. doi: 10.4161/hv.23540. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
78. Sadarangani S.P., Whitaker J.A., Poland G.A. “Let there be light”: The role of vitamin D in the immune response to vaccines. Expert. Rev. Vaccines. 2015;14:1427–1440. doi: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1082426. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
79. Chadha M.K., Fakih M., Muindi J., Tian L., Mashtare T., Johnson C.S., Trump D. Effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status on serological response to influenza vaccine in prostate cancer patients. Prostate. 2011;71:368–372. doi: 10.1002/pros.21250. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
80. Sundaram M.E., Talbot H.K., Zhu Y., Griffin M.R., Spencer S., Shay D.K., Coleman L.A. Vitamin D is not associated with serologic response to influenza vaccine in adults over 50 years old. Vaccine. 2013;31:2057–2061. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.028. [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
81. Crum-Cianflone N.F., Won S., Lee R., Lalani T., Ganesan A., Burgess T., Agan B.K. Vitamin D levels and influenza vaccine immunogenicity among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults. Vaccine. 2016;34:5040–5046. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.019. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
82. Lin C.J., Martin J.M., Cole K.S., Zimmerman R.K., Susick M., Moehling K.K., Levine M.Z., Spencer S., Flannery B., Nowalk M.P. Are children’s vitamin D levels and BMI associated with antibody titers produced in response to 2014-2015 influenza vaccine? Hum. Vaccines Immunother. 2017;13:1661–1665. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1299837. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
83. Surman S.L., Penkert R.R., Jones B.G., Sealy R.E., Hurwitz J.L. Vitamin supplementation at the time of immunization with a cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine corrects poor mucosal antibody responses in mice deficient for vitamins A and D. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. 2016;23 doi: 10.1128/CVI.00739-15. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
84. Wiwanitkit V. Vitamin D and influenza vaccination. Hum. Vaccines Immunother. 2013;9 doi: 10.4161/hv.23847. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]